How gut bacteria can help in weight loss, appetite control

A study published in the journal Cell Metabolism found that gut bacteria can influence appetite control and weight loss. The E.coli bacteria in the stomach produce "bacterial proteins" that can affect the gut-brain signals in the body to indicate appropriate function.

For the study, researchers looked at the proteins produced by the E.coli bacteria in the gut. In their 20-minute observation, they noticed that they actually make another set of proteins. This led to animal experiments to find out if one set of protein is responsible for food satiety.

They tested their theory in lab mice by injecting them with bacterial proteins. The researchers found that the rodents didn't eat much regardless if they've already been fed or have been kept hungry.

"There are so many studies now that look at microbiota composition in different pathological conditions, but they do not explore the mechanisms behind these associations," said Serguei Fetissov of the University of France, via Medical Xpress. "Our study shows that bacterial proteins from E. coli can be involved in the same molecular pathways that are used by the body to signal satiety, and now we need to know how an altered gut microbiome can affect this physiology."

Fetissov and colleagues noted that when the bacteria come upon nutrients via their host's last meal, they produce around a billion of themselves; once they reach that number, they produce the proteins that signal hormones that can control appetite.

The research opens up the possibility of discussing and possibly using the study to help control hunger, overeating and encourage weight loss as well. However, it is still unknown if the E.coli bacteria and its proteins can have any effect solely on appetite.

"We now think bacteria physiologically participate in appetite regulation immediately after nutrient provision by multiplying and stimulating the release of satiety hormones from the gut," Fetisov said, via EurekAlert. "In addition, we believe gut microbiota produce proteins that can be present in the blood longer term and modulate pathways in the brain."

Furthermore, the research shows that difference in gut bacteria population can have different effects in people. Some people may have bacteria that can cause Firmicutes overproduction or bacteria that breaks down fiber and dietary fat. This could lead to the body not feeling as much hunger as another person which helps them maintain weight. Western diets that are high in fat and sugar have been found that the brain cannot gather enough signals to stop overeating, according to Medical Daily.